Organizations are paying more and more attention to Master Data Management (MDM). MDM comprises a set of processes and tools that consistently defines and manages the non-transactional data entities of an organization, such as product data or customer data.
According to a study by Aberdeen, companies using MDM are more than twice as likely to be satisfied with data quality and speed of delivery, compared to those not using it.
MDM promises not just greater control over consistent reference data; but an ability to manage the relations between data entities in order to generate more effective business knowledge. From this perspective, MDM requires an understanding and agreement about the meaning of terminology. Hence, the natural role of taxonomy. Taxonomy is about "semantic architecture" - it is about naming things and making decisions about how to map different concepts and terms to a consistent structure.
MDM challenges and the argument for taxonomy
Ambiguity. The same term can have different meanings. Taxonomy provides a hierarchy that helps remove ambiguity. It includes mechanisms for understanding context and making meaning precise.
Consistency. It can be difficult to get complete agreement on what terms to use. Also, people will use terms inconsistently if given a choice. Sometimes, in legacy situations, different terms were used in the past and for various reasons the data can't be re-tagged to provide consistent metadata. A thesaurus can map terms together to account for these inconsistencies.
Connections. Taxonomies can also represent related concepts (technically also part of a thesaurus) that can be used to connect processes, business logic, or dynamic/related content to support specific tasks.
An MDM strategy defines the process for cleansing the data, harmonizing the attributes, and ensuring that all required information is present.
But, master data management programs also need to leverage taxonomy, and taxonomy should make use of MDM initiatives.
- Although taxonomy is typically applied to unstructured content, it is increasingly supporting structured and transactional content.
- Similarly, master data plays an essential role in making unstructured information consistent, findable, and valuable.
The following provides a brief example of key concepts and the role of taxonomy. Note that the transactional data is on the left, the non-transactional persistent reference data on the right.
Let's look at the product master.
We have two different manufacturers who both offer mechanical pencils. In our product master, they are called the same thing. However the original product manufacturers do not necessarily use the same terms to describe their products. The original bills of lading might have contained the following:
There are a couple of observations:
- The description uses abbreviations that are not user friendly.
- The attributes are not consistent.
One manufacturer classifies their product as Stationary and other calls it Home Office. Further, one abbreviates the attribute of Color as Bl and the other uses Blk. With these inconsistencies, it is impossible to deliver an excellent user experience where this data may need to be displayed.
Bringing it all together with taxonomy and master data management
Master Data Management fixes these inconsistencies by improving data quality. Each supplier has a way or organizing and describing their products that may or may not be aligned and consistent. However, the retailer needs to drive a consistent user interface and experience to achieve the best business outcomes.
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A centralized repository where "the source of truth" exists
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Governance processes for fixing inconsistencies or providing feedback to suppliers
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Rules for automating remediation of predictable inconsistencies
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Tools for cleansing and normalizing the data (running scripts and converting the data)
The role of taxonomy is even more important in multi-domain MDM, which is the direction in which the industry is heading.
According to Gartner, 58% of the reference customers in its 2018 Magic Quadrant Report on Master Data Management Solutions are facing the requirement for multi-domain MDM.
Whereas in the past, most MDM systems were focused on a single area such as product data or customer data, more organizations now want to bring data together from multiple domains, to allow for a broader range of business use cases and greater use of analytics.
In order to conduct analytics across domains and develop effective governance programs, organizations need to set up consistent taxonomies and standard metadata, especially on their critical data. The data models will need to reflect a consistent taxonomy. Ultimately, the relationships among different taxonomies should be captured and documented through an ontology, but having an MDM with appropriate taxonomies is a foundational step to take.
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